The Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory's ERDDAP data server for public access to scientific data
NOAA OAR PMEL
|
Easy Access to PMEL Scientific Data
The Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory's ERDDAP data server for public access to scientific data |
NOAA OAR PMEL |
| Dataset Title: | PMEL Atmospheric Chemistry ACEASIA Aerosol Chemistry data
|
| Institution: | NOAA (Dataset ID: ACG_ACEASIA_RHBrown_chemistry) |
| Range: | longitude = 126.674 to 193.669°E, latitude = 30.628 to 39.093°N, altitude = 18.0 to 18.0m, time = 2001-03-18T05:29:00Z to 2001-04-17T23:44:00Z |
| Information: | Summary
| License
| FGDC
| ISO 19115
| Metadata
| Background
| Subset
| Data Access Form
| Files
|
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![[The graph you specified. Please be patient.]](https://data.pmel.noaa.gov/pmel/erddap/tabledap/ACG_ACEASIA_RHBrown_chemistry.png?longitude,latitude,duration&time%3E=2001-04-11T00%3A00%3A00Z&time%3C=2001-04-18T00%3A00%3A00Z&.draw=markers&.marker=5%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff)
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String axis "T";
String comment "Start of sampling period";
String coords "time";
String ioos_category "Time";
String long_name "Datetime UTC";
String source_name "datetime_utc";
String standard_name "time";
String time_origin "01-JAN-1970 00:00:00";
String time_precision "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
String units "seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
}
trajectory_id {
String cf_role "trajectory_id";
String coords "time";
String ioos_category "Identifier";
String long_name "Trajectory ID";
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duration {
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Int32 actual_range 9060, 79800;
String coords "time";
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String long_name "Duration";
String units "second";
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Float64 actual_range 30.628, 39.093;
String axis "Y";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 90.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum -90.0;
String coords "time";
String instrument "GPS";
String ioos_category "Location";
String long_name "Latitude";
String source "surface observation";
String standard_name "latitude";
String units "degrees_north";
Float64 valid_max 90.0;
Float64 valid_min -90.0;
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longitude {
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Float64 valid_max 180.0;
Float64 valid_min -180.0;
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String standard_name "time";
String time_origin "01-JAN-1970 00:00:00";
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String units "seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
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String standard_name "time";
String time_origin "01-JAN-1970 00:00:00";
String time_precision "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
String units "seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
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IC_MSA_sub1 {
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Float64 colorBarMaximum 60.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
String coords "time";
String instrument "2-stage impactor";
String ioos_category "Unknown";
String long_name "Particulate MSA Concentration for Dp < 1.1 um, ug m-3";
String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
Float64 valid_max 50.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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IC_Cl_sub1 {
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String coords "time";
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String long_name "Particulate Cl Concentration for Dp < 1.1 um, ug m-3";
String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
Float64 valid_max 50.0;
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IC_NO3_sub1 {
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Float64 colorBarMaximum 60.0;
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String coords "time";
String instrument "2-stage impactor -- ion chromatographic analysis";
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String long_name "Particulate NO3 Concentration for Dp < 1.1 um, ug m-3";
String source "surface observation";
String standard_name "mass_concentration_of_nitrate_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air";
String units "micrograms m-3";
Float64 valid_max 50.0;
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IC_NO3_super1 {
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String source "surface observation";
String standard_name "mass_concentration_of_nitrate_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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}
IC_SO4_sub1 {
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String coords "time";
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String ioos_category "Optical Properties";
String long_name "Particulate SO4 Concentration for Dp < 1.1 um, ug m-3";
String source "surface observation";
String standard_name "mass_concentration_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air";
String units "micrograms m-3";
Float64 valid_max 50.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
}
IC_SO4_super1 {
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String long_name "Particulate SO4 Concentration for 1.1 um < Dp < 10 um, ug m-3";
String source "surface observation";
String standard_name "mass_concentration_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air";
String units "micrograms m-3";
Float64 valid_max 50.0;
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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Float64 valid_min 0.0;
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
Float64 valid_max 50.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
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IC_NH4_sub1 {
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String coords "time";
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String ioos_category "Dissolved Nutrients";
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String source "surface observation";
String standard_name "mass_concentration_of_ammonium_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air";
String units "micrograms m-3";
Float64 valid_max 50.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
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IC_NH4_super1 {
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String source "surface observation";
String standard_name "mass_concentration_of_ammonium_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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}
IC_K_sub1 {
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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IC_Mg_sub1 {
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
Float64 valid_max 50.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
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IC_Ca_sub1 {
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String coords "time";
String instrument "2-stage impactor -- ion chromatographic analysis";
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String long_name "Particulate Ca Concentration for Dp < 1.1 um, ug m-3";
String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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}
XRF_Al_sub1 {
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Float64 colorBarMaximum 150.0;
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String coords "time";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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Float64 valid_min 0.0;
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String ioos_category "Dissolved Nutrients";
String long_name "Particulate Si Concentration for Dp < 1.1 um, ug m-3";
String source "surface observation";
String standard_name "mass_concentration_of_silicate_in_sea_water";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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Float64 valid_min 0.0;
}
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String units "micrograms m-3";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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XRF_Ca_super1 {
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String ioos_category "Unknown";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
Float64 valid_max 100.0;
Float64 valid_min 0.0;
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XRF_Ti_super1 {
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String source "surface observation";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
}
total_aerosol_mass_sub1 {
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
}
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
}
OC_sub1 {
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String units "micrograms m-3";
}
OC_super1 {
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String units "micrograms m-3";
}
EC_sub1 {
Float64 _FillValue NaN;
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String units "micrograms m-3";
}
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String source "surface observation";
String units "micrograms m-3";
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NC_GLOBAL {
String cdm_data_type "Trajectory";
String cdm_trajectory_variables "trajectory_id";
String comment
"Ion Chemistry Data (Ion Chromatograph):
Two and seven-stage multi-jet cascade impactors (Berner et al., 1979) sampling air at 55-60% RH were used to determine the mass size distribution of Cl-, NO3-, SO4=, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg+2, and Ca+2. Sampling periods ranged from 12 to 24 hours. The RH of the sampled air stream was measured a few inches upstream from the impactors. The 2-stage impactors cut the samples into submicrometer (Daero < 1.1 um at 60% RH), and supermicrometer (1.1 um < Daero < 10 um) samples. Aerosol mass size distributions from the 7-stage impactors (size cuts at: 0.18, 0.31, 0.55, 1.1, 2.0, 4.1 and 10 um) are available for download at: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/acg/data/chemdist.php?cruise=ATOMIC.
The impaction stage at the inlet of the impactor was coated with silicone grease to prevent the bounce of larger particles onto the downstream stages. Tedlar films were used as the collection substrate in the impaction stage and a Millipore Fluoropore filter (1.0-um pore size) was used for the backup filter. Films were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath in 10% H2O2 for 30 min, rinsed in distilled, deionized water, and dried in an NH3- and SO2-free glove box. Filters and films were wetted with 1 ml of spectral grade methanol and additional 5 ml of distilled deionized water were added to the solution and the substrates were extracted by sonicated for 30 min. For the 7 stage impactor (sizes 0.18, 0.31, 0.55 and 1.1), the extraction volume was reduced to 0.5mL:2.5mL methanol:water in later samples (12 and 15 through 27) to increase detection. The extracts were analyzed by ion chromatography [Quinn et al., 2000]. All handling of the substrates was done in the glove box. Blank levels were determined by loading an impactor with substrates but not drawing any air through it.
Concentrations are reported as ug/m3 at STP (25C and 1 atm). Values below the detection limit are denoted with a zero and missing data are denoted with a NaN.
Berner et al., Sci. Total Environ., 13, 245 - 261, 1979.
Quinn et al., J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6785 - 6805, 2000.
Aerosol Trace Elements Data
Concentrations of Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe were determined by thin-film x-ray primary and secondary emission spectrometry [Feely et al., 1991; Feely et al., 1998]. Submicron samples were collected on Teflon filters (1.0 um pore size) mounted in a Berner impactor downstream of a D50,aero 1.1 um jet plate (Berner et al., 1979). Sub 10 micron samples were collected on Teflon filters (1.0 um pore size) mounted in a Berner impactor downstream of a D50,aero 10 um jet plate. This method of sample collection allows for the sharp size cut of the impactor while collecting a thin film of aerosol necessary for the x-ray analysis. Sampling periods ranged from 12 to 24 hours. The reported Ca does not include sea salt Ca (as determined from soluble Na concentrations and the ratio of Ca to Na in seawater). Blank levels were determined by loading an impactor or filter pack with a filter but not drawing any air through it.
Concentrations are reported as ug/m3 at STP (25C and 1 atm).
The mass concentrations of Al, Si, Ca, Fe, and Ti, the major elements in soil, were combined to calculate the concentration of dust. It was assumed that each element was present in the aerosol in its most common oxide form (Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, K2O, FeO, Fe2O3, TiO2). The measured elemental mass concentration was multiplied by the appropriate molar correction factor as follows:
[Dust] = 2.2[Al] + 2.49[Si] + 1.63[Ca] + 2.42[Fe]+1.94[Ti]
[Malm et al., 1994; Perry et al., 1997]. This equation includes a 16% correction factor to account for the presence of oxides of other elements such as K, Na, Mn, Mg, and V that are not included in the linear combination. In addition, the equation omits K from biomass burning by using Fe as a surrogate for soil K and an average K/Fe ratio of 0.6 in soil [Cahill et al., 1986].
Berner et al., Sci. Total Environ., 13, 245 - 261, 1979.
Cahill, T.A., R.A. Eldred, and P.J. Feeney, Particulate monitoring and data analysis for the National Park Service, 1982 - 1985, University of California, Davis, 1986.
Feely et al., Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 63, AGU, Washington, DC, 251 - 257, 1991.
Feely et al., Deep Sea Res., 45, 2637 - 2664, 1998.
Malm, W.C., J.F. Sisler, D. Huffman, R.A. Eldred, and T.A. Cahill, Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1347-1370, 1994.
Perry, K.D., T.A. Cahill, R.A. Eldred, D.D. Dutcher, and T.E. Gill, Long-range transport of North African dust to the eastern United States, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11225- 11238, 1997.
NOAA PMEL Gravimetrically-determined Aerosol Mass - collected with 2 stage impactors
Two-stage multi-jet cascade impactors (Berner et al., 1979) sampling air at the indicated target sample RH were used to determine sub- and supermicron aerosol mass concentrations. The RH of the sampled air stream was measured a few inches upstream from the impactor. The 50% aerodynamic cutoff diameters, D50,aero, were 1.1 and 10 um. Submicron refers to particles with Daero < 1.1 um at 55% RH and supermicron refers to particles with 1.1 um < Daero < 10 um at 55% RH.
The impaction stage at the inlet of the impactor was coated with silicone grease to prevent the bounce of larger particles onto the downstream stages. Millipore Fluoropore films were used as the collection substrate in the impaction stage and a Millipore Fluoropore filter (1.0-um pore size) was used for the backup filter. Films were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath in 10% H2O2 for 30 min, rinsed in distilled, deionized water, and dried in an NH3- and SO2-free glove box.
Films and filters were weighed at PMEL with a Cahn Model 29 and Mettler UMT2 microbalance, respectively. The balances are housed in a glove box kept at a humidity of 65 ± 4%. The resulting mass concentrations from the gravimetric analysis include the water mass that is associated with the aerosol at 65% RH.
The glove box was continually purged with room air that had passed through a scrubber of activated charcoal, potassium carbonate, and citric acid to remove gas phase organics, acids, and ammonia. Static charging, which can result in balance instabilities, was minimized by coating the walls of the glove box with a static dissipative polymer (Tech Spray, Inc.), placing an anti-static mat on the glove box floor, using anti-static gloves while handling the substrates, and exposing the substrates to a 210Po source to dissipate any charge that had built up on the substrates. Before and after sample collection, substrates were stored double-bagged with the outer bag containing citric acid to prevent absorption of gas phase ammonia. More details of the weighing procedure can be found in Quinn and Coffman [1998].
Concentrations are reported as ug/m3 at STP (25C and 1 atm).
Berner et al., Sci. Total Environ., 13, 245 - 261, 1979.
Quinn et al., J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6785 - 6805, 2000.
Organic Carbon (Sunset Laboratory thermal/optical analyzer)
Sub-1.1 um and sub-10 um samples were collected on pre-combusted quartz fiber filters using 2 and 1 stage impactors, respectively, for organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) analysis [Bates et al., 2004]. A charcoal diffusion denuder was deployed upstream of the submicrometer impactor to remove gas phase organic species. OC and EC concentrations were determined with a Sunset Laboratory thermal/optical analyzer. Three temperature steps were used to evolve OC under O2-free conditions for quantification. The first step heated the filter to 230 Deg C; the second step heated the filter to 600 Deg C (AMS vaporizer temperature); and the final step heated the filter to 870 Deg C. After cooling the sample down to 550 Deg C, a He/O2 mixture was introduced and the sample was heated in four temperature steps to 910 Deg C to drive off EC. The transmission of light through the filter was measured to correct the observed EC for any OC that charred during the initial stages of heating. No correction was made for carbonate carbon so OC includes both organic and carbonate carbon. The percentage of carbonate carbon is unknown. Super-micrometer OC concentrations were determined by difference between submicrometer and sub-10 um impactor samples without denuders.";
String contributor_name "Coffman, Derek/NOAA-PMEL/Address: 7600 Sand Pt. Wy. NE,Seattle,WA 98115 /email: derek.coffman@noaa.gov";
String Conventions "COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3, NCCSV-1.0";
String creator_email "derek.coffman@noaa.gov";
String creator_name "Coffman, Derek";
String creator_url "https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/";
String dimensions "time=67";
Float64 Easternmost_Easting 193.669;
String featureType "Trajectory";
Float64 geospatial_lat_max 39.093;
Float64 geospatial_lat_min 30.628;
String geospatial_lat_units "degrees_north";
Float64 geospatial_lon_max 193.669;
Float64 geospatial_lon_min 126.674;
String geospatial_lon_units "degrees_east";
Float64 geospatial_vertical_max 18.0;
Float64 geospatial_vertical_min 18.0;
String geospatial_vertical_positive "up";
String geospatial_vertical_units "m";
String history
"2025-05-09T22:04:15Z (local files)
2025-05-09T22:04:15Z https://data.pmel.noaa.gov/pmel/tabledap/ACG_ACEASIA_RHBrown_chemistry.das";
String infoUrl "https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/acg/data/index.html";
String institution "NOAA";
String keywords "above, aceasia, aerosol, air, altitude, ammonium, atmosphere, atmospheric, carbon, chemistry, color, concentration, data, datetime, dissolved, dissolved nutrients, dry, duration, earth, Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Station Height, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry > Silicate, EC_sub1, EC_sub10, EC_super1, elemental, end_time, endpoint, environmental, height, IC_Ca_sub1, IC_Ca_super1, IC_Cl_sub1, IC_Cl_super1, IC_K_sub1, IC_K_super1, IC_Mg_sub1, IC_Mg_super1, IC_MSA_sub1, IC_MSA_super1, IC_Na_sub1, IC_Na_super1, IC_NH4_sub1, IC_NH4_super1, IC_NO3_sub1, IC_NO3_super1, IC_SO4_sub1, IC_SO4_super1, identifier, laboratory, latitude, level, longitude, m-3, marine, mass, mass_concentration_of_ammonium_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air, mass_concentration_of_nitrate_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air, mass_concentration_of_silicate_in_sea_water, mass_concentration_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air, mean, mid_time, midpoint, msa, n02, nh4, nitrate, no3, noaa, nutrients, OC_sub1, OC_super1, ocean, ocean color, oceans, optical, optical properties, organic, pacific, particles, particulate, pmel, properties, science, sea, seawater, silicate, so4, station, sulfate, time, total_aerosol_mass_sub1, total_aerosol_mass_super1, trajectory, trajectory_id, water, XRF_Al_sub1, XRF_Al_super1, XRF_Ca_sub1, XRF_Ca_super1, XRF_Fe_sub1, XRF_Fe_super1, XRF_Si_sub1, XRF_Si_super1, XRF_Ti_sub1, XRF_Ti_super1";
String keywords_vocabulary "GCMD Science Keywords";
String license "These data were produced by NOAA and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0-1.0).";
Float64 Northernmost_Northing 39.093;
String platform "RHBrown";
String product_version "1";
String project "ACEASIA";
String sourceUrl "(local files)";
Float64 Southernmost_Northing 30.628;
String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v70";
String subsetVariables "trajectory_id, altitude";
String summary
"The third Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE) focused on Asia (ACE-Asia) to study the effects of the aerosol emanating from this region on atmospheric chemistry and climate. The experiment was conducted during the spring (mid-March to mid-April of 2001) to capture outbreaks of Asian dust associated with frontal systems moving eastward through the dust-producing regions. The dust is routinely transported to Korea and Japan, out over the North Pacific, and occasionally as far east as North America. En route over China and coastal regions, the dust aerosol mixes with aerosol derived from industrial, combustion, volcanic, and natural sources. Hence by the time the Asian aerosol has reached the western margin of the Pacific Ocean it is a complex mixture of dust, organics, elemental carbon, sulfates, nitrate, sea salt, and liquid water.
For ACE -Asia, the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Atmospheric Chemistry Group made measurements onboard the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown (RHB). The RHB left left Honolulu, Hawaii on 15 March and headed to the ACE-Asia study region. During the transit across the Pacific, marine air with little influence from continental sources was sampled. Eleven days later on 26 March and 2000 km from the east coast of Japan, RHB encountered continentally influenced air. For the rest of the cruise, air masses heavily impacted by Asian emissions were sampled.";
String time_coverage_end "2001-04-17T23:44:00Z";
String time_coverage_start "2001-03-18T05:29:00Z";
String title "PMEL Atmospheric Chemistry ACEASIA Aerosol Chemistry data";
Float64 Westernmost_Easting 126.674;
}
}
Data Access Protocol (DAP) and its
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